木材纤维与回收聚丙烯的热压复合工艺研究

研究了热压时间、热压温度、聚丙烯和偶联剂加入量等工艺因子对木材纤维和回收聚丙烯复合材料性能的影响。确定了压制密度为0．80g／cm3、10mm厚的木塑复合材料的最佳工艺条件为:热压温度175℃、热压时间8min、塑料加入量40％、偶联剂的加入量4％。在此条件下压制的木塑复合板材,物理力学性能中的内结合强度和吸水厚度膨胀率与中密度板的国家标准相比达到优等水平,静曲强度和弹性模量基本满足中密度板的国家标准要求。     

夏季遮荫改善大田牡丹叶片光合功能的研究

利用气体交换和叶绿素荧光分析技术,研究大田牡丹叶片在自然光照和夏季遮荫处理下光合作用日变化.结果表明:自然光下夏季牡丹叶片的净光合速率(Pn)明显低于春季,2个生长季节Pn日变化差异明显,即春季的Pn日变化呈"单峰型"曲线,夏季的Pn日变化为"双峰型"曲线,有明显的光合"午休";羧化效率(CE)变化趋势与Pn相似;表观量子效率(AQY)中午降低,下午逐渐回升;光系统Ⅱ(PSⅡ)最大光化学效率Fv/Fm和最大荧光Fm日变化为倒"单峰型"曲线,中午明显降低;与夏季自然光下相比,夏季遮荫处理(遮光50%)的牡丹叶片Pn、AQY、CE升高;气孔限制值(Ls)和叶温(t1)降低;Fv/Fm和Fm中午下降幅度显著减小.这些结果说明:夏季晴天中午高温、强光下,牡丹叶片PSⅡ反应中心发生了可逆失活,PSⅡ功能下调,光合作用的光抑制明显发生,遮荫可减轻光抑制,改善光合功能以增加光合产物积累.     

樟树幼林生物化学参数与高光谱遥感特征参数相关分析

高光谱遥感在植被研究中的应用使定量估算植被的生物化学参数和生物物理参数成为可能.分析了樟树幼林生物化学参数与高光谱特征变量之间的相关关系.结果表明:樟树幼林的大部分生物化学参数(叶绿素a含量、叶绿素b含量、叶绿素总含量、类胡萝卜素含量和总磷含量)与高光谱遥感特征参数(蓝边内最大的一阶微分、绿峰反射率、红边位置、蓝边面积、绿峰反射率和红谷反射率构成的比值与归一化植被指数、红边面积和蓝边面积构成的比值和归一化植被指数)之间的相关系数达到了0.01极显著性检验水平;纤维素、总氮含量与高光谱特征参数的相关系数没有达到显著性检验水平.因此,可以利用相关系数达到了0.01极显著性检验水平的高光谱特征参数建立樟树幼林生物化学参数的高光谱遥感估算模型.     

Power spectrum density and experimental modal analysis of wide belt sander applied in domestic wood industry

This paper took the upper-lower wide belt sander B229 with four-feet wide belts, manufactured in China, as the study target. By means of framework dynamic design, we study its vibration characteristics by commencing from the place having horizontal defects and used experimental modal analysis (EMA) and power spectrum density (PSD) to observe the sanding parts and the whole machine, respectively. In the modal test, we mainly adopted the cross spots testing method to get the frequency response function of the fixed spots to every excitation vibration spot, then applied the SISO frequency response function and the frequency response function fitting method to identify and complete parameter recognition, respectively. The typical frequency response function chart of the whole machine and its sanding parts, as well as its second-order mode charts of contacting roller, were obtained. Through PSD analysis, we can get the amplitude-frequency spectrum and drive frequency. Translated from Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2005, 41(6): 132–137 [译自: 林业科学]     

杨树无性系幼苗光合作用和PV水分参数对水分胁迫的响应

比较研究了不同水分条件下杨树2个无性系幼苗的生长、光合特性和多种水分参数等，探讨其对水分胁迫的适应机制。结果表明，水分胁迫下2个无性系幼苗的生长减慢．净光合速率降低，昭林杨6号受水分胁迫影响较小，欧美杨64号受水分胁迫影响较大。胁迫初期，2个无性系光合作用受气孔限制，胁迫后期及复水后的恢复期，光合作用受非气孔限制。胁迫时杨树呼吸速率降低，尤其是昭林杨6号，以保持碳平衡。胁迫时2个无性系的ψs^100、ψs^0、ROWC^0均降低，ψs^100与ψs^0差值增大，表明杨树可以通过渗透调节维持压力势，对水分胁迫作出适应性反应，与欧美杨64号相比昭林杨6号这种能力更强，表明其抗旱性强。     

乳化油节能降污与柴油机结构参数关系的研究

为了考察N4 85Q柴油机燃用 12 %乳化油的节能降污效果 ,本文设计了结构参数静态供油提前角和喷油压力的二因素二次正交回归旋转试验。建立了燃油消耗率与这两个参数的回归方程。利用外点惩罚函数法对回归方程进行优化 ,得出最佳的结构参数。最后绘出了柴油机在最佳结构参数下 ,燃用 12 %乳化油的节油率和降烟率曲线。     

短轮伐期日本落叶松家系生长性状遗传参数的变化

以湖北省建始县长岭岗林场 15年生日本落叶松自由授粉家系子代测定林为研究对象 ,研究纸浆材轮伐期内不同年龄阶段生长性状的家系间遗传变异、早 -晚相关关系及主要遗传参数随时间变化的趋势 ,确定早期选择年龄及早期选择因子。结果表明 :各年龄胸径、树高不仅在家系水平上存在着极显著的变异 ,家系内个体间也存在着丰富的变异 ,具有很大的遗传改良潜力 ,家系和家系内个体选择是日本落叶松改良的主体 ;性状的方差分量、遗传力、变异系数在树木生长过程中一直处于动态变化中 ,并表现出一定的规律性 ;胸径、树高的早 -晚相关十分紧密 ,且这种相关关系主要受遗传因素制约 ;对胸径和树高进行家系早期选择的最适年龄为 6年生 ,进行家系内个体选择年龄为 8年生 ,胸径作为早期选择指标较树高更能准确地表达成熟时的信息。     

Hypoglycemic activity of Nymphaea stellata leaves ethanolic extract in alloxan induced diabetic rats

The ethanolic extract of leaves of Nymphaea stellata given by oral route to diabetic rats at dose of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day for seven days reduced significantly by 31.6 and 42.6 % the plasma glucose level increased by intraperitoneal injection of 120 mg/day of alloxan. Moreover, the treatment significantly affected the plasma level of cholesterol and triglyceride.     

Effects of diazinon on biochemical parameters of blood in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)

Existence of diazinon, an organophosphorous pesticide, in river waters of Iran near rice paddy fields has been reported by some authors. The present research aimed to determine the acute toxicity and evaluate the effect of sub-lethal concentrations of diazinon on some biochemical parameters of rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss after 7, 14 and 28 days. No significant differences were observed in the plasma levels of creatinine among the treatment groups at different sampling intervals. Acetylcholinesterase activity and the levels of total protein, albumin as well as globulin in plasma were significantly reduced at both concentrations tested (p < 0.05). Lactate dehydrogenase activity was only decreased on 7th day in 0.1 mg/L diazinon treatment (p < 0.05). Creatine kinase activity was significantly lower in 0.1 mg/L diazinon group at 14th and 28th sampling periods, whereas its activity significantly increased in fishes exposed to 0.2 mf/L diazinon only on 7th day (p < 0.05). Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase activities and glucose levels in diazinon treated groups were significantly higher than the controlled group at experimental periods (p < 0.05). In conclusion, long-term exposure to diazinon at sub-lethal concentrations induced biochemical alterations in rainbow trout, and offers a simply tool to evaluate toxicity-derived alterations.     

Probiotic efficiency of Bacillus sp. in Labeo rohita challenged by Aeromonas hydrophila: assessment of stress profile,haemato‐biochemical parameters and immune responses

Fish are always susceptible to a wide variety of deadly pathogens which cause a huge loss in aquaculture industries. In this investigation, we have demonstrated the in vivo probiotic efficiency of Bacillus sp. MVF1 (GenBank Acc. No. KP256503) in Labeo rohita challenged with pathogenic strain of Aeromonas hydrophila (MTCC 1739). To check the probiotic potential of the selected bacterial strain, fish were divided into four groups: control, D1, D2 and D3. A total of 100 days (70 days probiotic feeding + 71th day sampling and 28 days challenged test + 29th day sampling) of feeding trial was conducted. To establish the probiotic potential of Bacillus sp. MVF1, certain haematological parameters (haemoglobin, total erythrocyte and leucocyte count), serum biochemical parameters (total protein, albumin and globulin), immune parameters (serum lysozyme and total IgM levels) and hepatic stress profile (malondialdehyde production, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity) have been measured. Our results demonstrated that red blood cell number, white blood cell number and haemoglobin content were much higher in D2 group fish compared to other groups and control fish. Similarly, total protein contents, albumin concentration, globulin concentration, lysozyme activity and IgM production were also recorded to be highest in D2 group fish. This finding clearly indicated the probiotic potential of Bacillus sp. MVF1 in L. rohita. Furthermore, our results also demonstrated that 1 × 10⁷ CFU g^?1 feed (D2) provides better immunity compared to 1 × 10⁵ (D1) and 1 × 10⁹ (D3). Due to beneficial effects, the bacterium Bacillus sp. MVF1 might be useful in aquaculture industries to reduce the disease susceptibility.